Amphibian and reptile surveys often involve active searching techniques. Knowing where to look and when to look are critical. So too is the ability to readily distinguish between species that are similar in appearance. The southeastern United States is rich in herpetofauna, having the greatest diversity in salamanders in the world. Some of these species are endemic to small local areas, while others are relatively widespread. Many species are habitat specialists. A different suite of species may be found in the sandy soils of a pine woods from what is present in an upland hardwood forest, a cedar glade, or along a high-gradient stream in the Appalachian mountains.

For investigations requiring long-term monitoring of population trends, additional techniques may be required. The use of cover board arrays is a technique that can be effective in certain habitats. Cover objects can include pieces of galvanized roofing material or sectioned plywood sheets placed on the ground. After a suitable length of time, these objects may be used as retreats for many reptile and amphibian species. Monitoring frequency, however, cannot be too high or the objects may be underutilized.

Eastern garter snake, Thamnophis sirtalis

For treefrogs, PVC tubes can be constructed to act as refugia for individuals. These tubes are attached to trees and can be quickly evaluated for the presence of frogs during sampling.

Gray treefrog, Hyla chrysoscelis

Frogs are highly vocal animals during their breeding seasons. Frogs can be effectively sampled by visiting known wetlands and other breeding sites and counting the number of frogs heard calling.

Green frog, Lithobates clamitans

Drift fences can be combined with pitfall traps to sample species migrating to or from a breeding site. Hoop nets are often used to trap turtles in a pond or wetland area. Modified crayfish traps have proven effective with wetland salamanders including sirens and amphiuma.

Plateau Ecological stands ready to assist with your reptile or amphibian inventory or monitoring needs. Our extensive experience with field techniques, understanding of species ecology, identification ability, and statistical expertise make us an excellent choice for your herpetofaunal research needs. Contact us today!

Red eft (juvenile stage of the eastern red-spotted newt, Notophthalmus viridescens)

Northern copperhead, Agkistrodon contortrix mokasen